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EMS AROUND THE WORLD 18 JANUARY 2018 | EMSWORLD.com perform medical-rescue activities outside the system—e.g., when working in hospital wards and other centers of wider health ser- vice; these activities are defined as health- care services other than medical-rescue. Medical-rescue activities carried out by Polish paramedics involve medical evalua- tion of the patient and determining appropri- ate interventions, if any. They conduct CPR to current standards. Their skills, tools, and equipment include: • Tubes (oro- and nasopharyngeal), face mask, laryngeal mask and tubes, and equipment for airway suctioning and conicopuncture if necessary. • Oxygen and breathing/ventilation assis- tance, including face mask, one-way valve and breathing bag, and ventilator. Endotracheal intubation in direct laryn- goscopy in cardiac arrest can be accom- plished through the mouth or nose, without the use of muscle relaxants and while running ventilation replacement. • Performing manual defibrillation based on the ECG, implementing automated defibrillation, monitoring of respiratory function, noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring, percutaneous electrical stim- ulation of the heart in bradyarrhythmia, performing cardioversion for tachyar- rhythmia, and obtaining and evaluating ECGs. • Peripheral vein cannulation of upper and lower limbs and the external jugular vein, intramedullary access using a kit. Administration of medications by intra- venous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intratracheal, oral, rectal, inhalation, and intramedullary routes. Pressure pneu- mothorax decompression by puncture of the pleural cavity, downloading venous and capillary blood for laboratory tests. In addition there is wound healing, stop- ping bleeding, immobilization of fractures, dislocations and sprains, and spinal immo- bilization with particular emphasis on the cervical (i.e., typical BLS). Paramedics can also assist with births outside hospitals, take temperatures, conduct triage, take protec- tive measures to reduce the health effects of events, and prepare patients and provide medical care during transport. They can also conduct certain interven- tions under medical supervision, such as endotracheal intubation in direct laryngos- copy in cases other than sudden cardiac arrest with the use of muscle relaxants; cath- eterization of the bladder; inserting gastric probes after securing the airway; assisting in minor surgical procedures (stapling wounds, etc.); and other medical procedures. Centralized Dispatch The position of dispatcher plays a key role in the Polish emergency medical system. We call the dispatcher the "first rescuer," who Simple. Reliable. Assurance. Wireless. Connected. Sensors. EDGE M-300 can be used or mounted anywhere, shown here simply placed in a medical container. Temperature Intelligence ™ EMS medication storage is complicated—and clinically important. Exposure to excessive heat and cold are common, and may well aff ect medication stability and potency. EDGE M-300 wireless temperature sensors give you confi dence and peace of mind. temptimecorp.com/edge-wireless-connected-sensors With the EDGEVue™ app, use your mobile devices to monitor temperature, track excursions and share data. Learn how EDGE can help protect your medications from extreme temperatures. Contact us edgesensors@temptimecorp.com For More Information Circle 20 on Reader Service Card